Grief and sorrow are universal human emotions that often arise from profound loss, drastic changes or unmet expectations. As humans, we struggle to find meaning and purpose in the face of tribulations. However, it is important to recognise that these experiences are not unique to us alone. Even Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. faced trials and tribulations. 

In this article, we will explore how the Prophet s.a.w. responded to grief and the valuable lessons we can learn from his life to find relief and overcome grief.

Introduction to Grief

Grief is a universal emotion that impacts individuals across cultures and religions. It is a natural response to loss and can manifest in various forms, affecting one's emotional, mental and physical well-being.

According to the Grief Experience Survey by WebMD, the causes of grief are diverse: ranging from the loss of family members or close friends, serious illnesses, to the upheaval of jobs, careers, homes, or possessions, and navigating challenging life events such as divorce.

In the Quran, there are verses which offer solace to those experiencing grief, imparting profound wisdom on enduring hardship and finding strength through faith. One such example is found in Surah Al-Baqarah:

وَلَنَبْلُوَنَّكُم بِشَيْءٍ مِّنَ الْخَوْفِ وَالْجُوعِ وَنَقْصٍ مِّنَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْأَنفُسِ وَالثَّمَرَاتِ وَبَشِّرِ الصَّابِرِينَ
“We will certainly test you with a touch of fear and famine and loss of property, life, and crops. Give good news to those who patiently endure—
الَّذِينَ إِذَا أَصَابَتْهُم مُّصِيبَةٌ قَالُوا إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ
who say, when struck by a disaster, ‘Surely to Allah we belong and to Him we will (all) return.’
أُولَٰئِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَلَوَاتٌ مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُهْتَدُونَ
They are the ones who will receive Allah’s blessings and mercy. And it is they who are (rightly) guided.”

(Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:155-157)

We discussed these ideas at our past ADIL Knowledge Retreat seminar. You can watch the videos on MuslimSG titled “How did Rasulullah s.a.w. deal with grief?” and “The Journey of Loss and Grief” to learn more.

Understanding Grief in the Life of Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.

Prophet Muhammad s.a.w, like all humans, experienced a wide range of human emotions, including grief. Throughout his life, he encountered instances of deep sorrow, such as the loss of his loved ones and the year of sorrow (‘am al-huzn), during which he faced multiple personal and societal challenges. 

It is important to note that the Prophet s.a.w. did not experience depression or any form of mental illness despite the immense challenges he faced. This was due to his resilience and the divine support from Allah s.w.t, as we will see later in this article.

Here are four examples of tribulations faced by Rasulullah s.a.w. and how he responded to them and rose from grief:

1. Persecution and Opposition 

In the early years of his prophethood, Rasulullah s.a.w. faced intense opposition and persecution from the Quraysh tribe in Makkah. This happened throughout the first 13 years of prophethood, especially since Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. publicly invited his people to Islam. Despite enduring hardships and hostility, he remained resolute in his mission. For instance, when the people of Makkah refused to believe in him, it caused him deep grief:

لَعَلَّكَ بَٰخِعٞ نَّفۡسَكَ أَلَّا يَكُونُواْ مُؤۡمِنِينَ

"Perhaps you (O Prophet) will grieve yourself to death over their disbelief."

(Surah Ash-Shu’ara’, 26:3)

This illustrates how Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. experienced profound sadness in the face of rejection and disbelief, yet he persevered with patience and trust in Allah's plan, succeeding afterwards in spreading the message of Islam and establishing a strong community of believers.

2. Loss of Loved Ones

Rasulullah s.a.w. lost both his parents at a very young age and was raised as an orphan, yet he grew up to become a source of guidance and inspiration for millions around the world.

He also had to endure the heartbreaking loss of several of his children during his lifetime, including two beloved sons, Qasim and Ibrahim. Qasim, born to the Prophet s.a.w. and Khadijah r.a. in Makkah, passed away at a young age, causing grief for the Prophet s.a.w. and his family. During this difficult time, especially in response to the ridicule and taunts from his adversaries, Allah s.w.t revealed Surah Al-Kawthar, which provided solace and reassurance to the Prophet s.a.w. 

إِنَّآ أَعْطَيْنَـٰكَ ٱلْكَوْثَرَ. فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَٱنْحَرْ. إِنَّ شَانِئَكَ هُوَ ٱلْأَبْتَرُ

“Indeed, We have granted you (O Prophet) abundant goodness. So pray and sacrifice to your Lord (alone). Only the one who hates you is truly cut off (from any goodness).”

(Surah Al-Kawthar, 108:1-3)

Similarly, Ibrahim, the son of the Prophet s.a.w. and Maria Al-Qibtiyya, was born in Madinah after the hijrah. His untimely death also brought grief to the Prophet s.a.w. and his family. The Prophet's deep love for Ibrahim is evident in a hadith where he started crying when the baby took his last breaths and expressed his sorrow, saying: 

إِنَّ الْعَيْنَ تَدْمَعُ، وَالْقَلْبَ يَحْزَنُ، وَلاَ نَقُولُ إِلاَّ مَا يَرْضَى رَبُّنَا، وَإِنَّا بِفِرَاقِكَ يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ لَمَحْزُونُونَ

"The eyes shed tears and the heart grieves, but we do not say anything except that which pleases our Lord. Indeed, O Ibrahim, we are grieved by your separation." 

(Sahih Al-Bukhari)

These personal losses experienced by the Prophet s.a.w. are significant events in his life, reflecting the trials and tribulations he faced. It underscores the human experience of sorrow and the Prophet's s.a.w. unwavering faith during times of personal loss.

3. Year of Sorrow

The Year of Grief or Sorrow ('am al-huzn), marked a period of deep emotional upheaval for Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. as he endured the loss of several loved ones. This challenging year began with the passing of his supportive uncle, Abu Talib, who had provided protection and support to the Prophet s.a.w. during a time of great adversity. The loss of Abu Talib was deeply felt, as he had been a pillar of strength for the Prophet s.a.w.

Shortly thereafter, the Prophet s.a.w. faced another devastating blow with the passing of his beloved wife, Khadijah r.a. She had been a source of relentless support, comfort and love for the Prophet s.a.w. throughout their marriage. Her loss brought immense grief to the Prophet s.a.w, as he deeply felt the departure of a cherished companion and confidante.

Despite these profound losses, the Prophet s.a.w. demonstrated remarkable resilience, fulfilling his responsibilities as a leader and messenger. Throughout this period of sorrow, he drew strength from his faith and the support of his companions, exemplifying patience and fortitude in the face of personal grief. The year of sorrow stands as a testament to the Prophet's s.a.w. persistent commitment and steadfastness during profound emotional trials.

Read: Seeking Allah in Times of Distress

4. Ta'if Incident 

The Ta'if Incident, part of Rasulullah's s.a.w. experience during the Year of Grief, stands as a significant episode in the life of Prophet Muhammad s.a.w, marked by profound emotional and physical hardship. 

Following the passing of his wife, Khadijah r.a, and his uncle, Abu Talib, which led to further oppression and aggressions by the Musyrikin (Idol worshippers) in Makkah, Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. sought an alternative refuge in the city of Ta'if, hoping for a positive reception there. However, instead of finding comfort, he faced ridicule and was subjected to the distressing experience by the people of Ta'if.

Ta’if, Makkah.

This painful rejection and mistreatment had a deep impact on the Prophet s.a.w. Yet, he stayed calm, prayed, and showed great patience and forgiveness. Here is the deeply moving dua that he made:

اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَشْكُو إِلَيْكَ ضَعْفَ قُوَّتِي وَقِلَّةَ حِيلَتِي وَهَوَانِي عَلَى النَّاسِ، يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِينَ، أَنْتَ رَبُّ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ، وَأَنْتَ رَبِّي، إِلَى مَنْ تَكِلُنِي؟ إِلَى بَعِيدٍ يَتَجَهَّمُنِي، أَوْ إِلَى عَدُوٍّ مَلَّكْتَهُ أَمْرِي؟ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِكَ غَضَبٌ عَلَيَّ فَلَا أُبَالِي، وَلَكِنَّ عَافِيَتَكَ أَوْسَعُ لِي، أَعُوذُ بِنُورِ وَجْهِكَ الَّذِي أَشْرَقَتْ لَهُ الظُّلُمَاتُ، وَصَلَحَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْرُ الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ، أَنْ يَحِلَّ عَلَيَّ غَضَبُكَ، أَوْ يَنْزِلَ بِي سَخَطُكَ، لَكَ الْعُتْبَى حَتَّى تَرْضَى، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِكَ.

"O Allah, to You alone I complain of my weakness, my insufficient ability, and my insignificance before people. You are the Most Merciful of the merciful. You are the Lord of the weak, and You are my Lord. To whom do You leave me? To a distant person who receives me with hostility, or to an enemy whom You have given power over me? If You are not angry with me, I do not care what happens to me. However, Your protection is more important to me. I seek refuge in the light of Your Face, by which all darkness is dispelled and both this world and the next are put in their right course, against incurring Your wrath or being the subject of Your anger. To You I submit until I earn Your pleasure. Everything is powerless without Your support."

This dua is a powerful reminder of the Prophet's humility, patience, and trust in Allah, even in the face of extreme adversity. He later said that the experience was very hard for him, but he hoped for good things for the people who had treated him badly.

During this time, the Prophet received a message that Allah had heard what the people of Ta'if had done to him and had sent an angel to punish them as he wished. However, the Prophet did not wish for vengeance but chose to respond with kindness, expressing his hope that future generations from among the people of Ta'if would worship Allah alone and not associate partners with Him. 

The Angel of the Mountains called and greeted the Prophet s.a.w, and then said:

يَا مُحَمَّدُ، فَقَالَ ذَلِكَ فِيمَا شِئْتَ، إِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ أُطْبِقَ عَلَيْهِمِ الأَخْشَبَيْنِ

"O Muhammad! Order what you wish. If you like, I will let Al-Akh-Shabain (i.e. two mountains) fall on them.". The Prophet s.a.w. replied:

بَلْ أَرْجُو أَنْ يُخْرِجَ اللَّهُ مِنْ أَصْلاَبِهِمْ مَنْ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ وَحْدَهُ لاَ يُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا

"No but I hope that Allah will let them beget children who will worship Allah Alone, and will worship None besides Him." 

(Sahih Al-Bukhari)

The way the Prophet handled a difficult time in Ta'if shows us how to stay strong and kind even when we're going through hard times.

Read: Enjoining Good and Forbidding Wrong

Finding Relief and Overcoming Grief

Despite the immense trials he faced, Rasulullah s.a.w. responded to tribulations with resilience and unwavering faith. His steadfastness and patience serve as a profound example of how to navigate through grief and emerge stronger.

In addition to his personal response to grief, Prophet Muhammad s.a.w's life reflects a holistic approach to well-being, encompassing spiritual, mental and physical health. This correlation is evident in his teachings, which emphasise the importance of maintaining overall well-being.

For instance, the Prophet s.a.w. promoted practices such as consuming highly nutritious wholesome food like Talbina (made from barley flour, milk and honey known for its comforting and healing properties during the Prophet’s s.a.w. time). This practice can help us to find relief from sadness and grief, highlighting the significance of physical well-being in managing emotional distress. The hadith can be found in Sahih Al-Bukhari, in the Book of Medicine:

Aisha r.a. used to recommend at-Talbina for the sick and for such a person as grieved over a deceased individual. She used to say, "I heard Allah's Messenger s.a.w. saying:

إِنَّ التَّلْبِينَةَ تُجِمُّ فُؤَادَ الْمَرِيضِ، وَتَذْهَبُ بِبَعْضِ الْحُزْنِ

“Indeed, Talbina soothes the heart  of the patient and relieves some of his sorrow and grief.'" 

(Sahih Al-Bukhari)

Furthermore, the Prophet's s.a.w teachings underscore the interconnectedness of mental and spiritual well-being, emphasising the need for a balanced and harmonious approach to life's challenges. Additionally, his life emphasises the importance of support systems and community solidarity in overcoming grief, encouraging the establishment of strong social bonds and the provision of support to those in need, fostering resilience and a sense of belonging within the community.

Read: Spirituality and Mental Well-Being in Islam

Exploring Insights from Muslim.Sg's Related Content

There are several discussions published on Muslim.Sg which may shed light on the profound insights and guidance offered by Islamic teachings in navigating pain, suffering, and healing.

In a short video on Pain and Suffering, our Mufti Dr Nazirudin Mohd Nasir, highlights that human suffering plays a significant role in our connection to God, especially during our most vulnerable moments. The Quran reminds us that trials and hardships are inevitable, stripping away our illusions of power and revealing our dependence on divine mercy and the support of others. Suffering brings us closer to our true realisation as human beings, dependent on God's love and in need of care from others. This perspective offers a meaningful understanding of the human experience and the spiritual dimensions of grief.

In a Tune Islam Podcast on Heartbreak and Healing, the presenters discussed dealing with heartbreak and finding healing is a journey that involves seeking support and solace. We all experience sadness from time to time. However, this feeling may overwhelm us over a prolonged period, especially when it is left unchecked. Having a strong support system is crucial, as it helps to alleviate the pain and provides comfort during difficult times. Have a listen to the Tune Islam podcast below on 'Is It Okay to Feel Sad?' where the presenters shed light on the differences between feeling sad and depressed.

When we experience moments of shock or despair, it's important to seek solace in prayer and reflection. Our daily prayers serve as moments for self-check-ins and opportunities to seek solace in Allah. Additionally, turning to the Quran and reciting supplications (dua) can provide a sense of connection and comfort. One powerful dua acknowledges Allah's sufficiency and the importance of placing our trust in Him. Ultimately, finding healing involves seeking support, turning to prayer, and finding solace in the teachings of Islam.

Read: The Prophet of Mercy: Showing Care and Concern for Others

Remaining Positive, Exercising Patience and Reaping Rewards

The concept of patience, particularly in the face of grief, holds significant importance in Islamic teachings. It is deeply rooted in the Arabic term ’sabr’ (صبر), which denotes the endurance of hardships, sadness, or any disliked or challenging circumstances.

Importantly, ’sabar’ does not imply passivity; rather, it encompasses the active endurance and perseverance to improve the situation. This virtue is underscored by the numerous reminders from Allah to be patient, which occur over 90 times in the Quran. One example of the significance of patience can be found in the following verse:

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اصْبِرُوا وَصَابِرُوا وَرَابِطُوا وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ

“O believers! Patiently endure, persevere, stand on guard, and be mindful of Allah, so you may be successful.” 

(Surah Ali ‘Imran, 3:200)

The Prophet s.a.w. also mentioned:

مَا يُصِيبُ الْمُسْلِمَ مِنْ نَصَبٍ وَلاَ وَصَبٍ وَلاَ هَمٍّ وَلاَ حُزْنٍ وَلاَ أَذًى وَلاَ غَمٍّ حَتَّى الشَّوْكَةِ يُشَاكُهَا، إِلاَّ كَفَّرَ اللَّهُ بِهَا مِنْ خَطَايَاهُ

"No fatigue, nor disease, nor sorrow, nor sadness, nor hurt, nor distress befalls a Muslim, even if it were the prick he receives from a thorn, but that Allah expiates some of his sins for that." 

(Sahih Al-Bukhari)

The hadith further illustrates the spiritual significance of enduring pain with patience. Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. reassures believers that even the slightest pain, such as the pricking of a thorn, leads to the expiation of sins. This hadith offers solace to those experiencing physical or emotional pain, emphasising the spiritual rewards of enduring hardships. Dive into Muslim.Sg’s article for deeper exploration on Quranic Verses About Patience.

In summary, the concept of ’sabr’ encompasses enduring hardships with patience and positivity, with the promise of spiritual rewards for those who persevere. 

Read: 3 Good Deeds With Unlimited Rewards - Fasting, Patience & Pardoning

Make Supplications to Allah (Dua)

Imam Ibn Al-Qayyim, in his work “Kitab al-Daa’ wa al-Dawaa”, mentioned: “Supplication and seeking refuge with Allah s.w.t. is like a weapon, and the strength of the weapon depends on the user. It is not just about the sharpness of the weapon. If the weapon is perfect and undamaged, the user is strong, and there is nothing impeding the use of the weapon, the person will be able to use the weapon fully. On the contrary, if any one of the three requisites is gone, the effect will also be reduced”.

This analogy emphasises the importance of the quality, sincerity and strength of supplication. Seeking help from Allah s.w.t. is paramount in all matters, reflecting the fundamental teaching of Islam that underscores the dependency of servants on Allah s.w.t. in every aspect of life. In fact, the Quran emphasises that Allah encourages us to seek from Him, as evident in several verses:

وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي قَرِيبٌۖ أُجِيبُ دَعۡوَةَ ٱلدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِۖ فَلۡيَسۡتَجِيبُواْ لِي وَلۡيُؤۡمِنُواْ بِي لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَرۡشُدُونَ

“When My servants ask you (O Prophet) about Me: I am truly near. I respond to one’s prayer when they call upon Me. So let them respond (with obedience) to Me and believe in Me, perhaps they will be guided (to the Right Way).” 

(Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:186)

For additional related supplications and dua, you may consider exploring the “Dua for Anxiety and Depression” available.

Understand Mental Health & Available Support System Within Our Community

Dealing with deep grief and sorrow may have a potential impact on mental health. Mental health in Islam has progressed in addressing misconceptions and stigma. It's important to recognise that mental health struggles are not a punishment from Allah, but rather a reflection of life's challenges. 

Integrating faith in mental health services and addressing cultural nuances are crucial for supporting Singaporean Muslims' mental well-being. The revival of Islamic Psychology offers a unique approach to mental well-being, focusing on the soul's journey back to Allah. Collaboration between mental health professionals, community organisations, and religious leaders can promote psychological well-being and resilience among Muslims of all backgrounds. 

For more in-depth insights, you can read the full article titled: Spirituality and Mental Well-Being in Islam

Remember, taking action is important, and seeking help and support is a proactive step towards healing and well-being. Additional resources and references are also available from HealthHub on Coping with Bereavement (Grief and Loss) for Better Mental Wellness , Agency for Integrated Care (AIC) on Managing Grief, and World Health Organization (WHO) IRIS on Coping with Bereavement.

Professional help and support are also listed on My Legacy @ LifeSG and resources for Mental Well-Being are provided by National Council of Social Service (NCSS)

Read: 4 Tips on Caring for Ageing Parents

For those deeply affected by grief due to recent global events, consider reading “4 Ways to Respond to the Suffering Faced by the Palestinian People” and “A Mental Health Guide for Those Grappling With The Crisis in Gaza”

To help ourselves stay positive daily, it's important to remember to practise gratitude and be grateful for all the blessings that Allah s.w.t. has provided us continuously throughout our lives. The Prophet s.a.w. mentioned, which serves as a powerful reminder of the value of well-being and security, encouraging us to appreciate the blessings we have and fostering a positive mindset:

مَنْ أَصْبَحَ مِنْكُمْ آمِنًا فِي سِرْبِهِ مُعَافًى فِي جَسَدِهِ عِنْدَهُ قُوتُ يَوْمِهِ فَكَأَنَّمَا حِيزَتْ لَهُ الدُّنْيَا

"Whoever among you wakes up in the morning secure in his dwelling, healthy in his body, and he has his food for the day, then it is as if the whole world has been given to him." 

(Sunan At-Tirmizi)

Conclusion

From an Islamic perspective, life is intertwined with tribulations, yet the teachings of our Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. offer timeless guidance on leading a good life and overcoming its trials. His exemplary response to grief serves as a beacon of hope and resilience for individuals facing similar challenges. 

In light of this, it is imperative to recognise the relevance of the Prophet s.a.w's teachings in navigating grief and to actively seek help and provide resources on mental health. By embracing the wisdom of the Prophet's teachings, individuals can find solace and strength in the face of grief, fostering a community that prioritises holistic well-being and support for all.

Lastly, Allah s.w.t. reminds us in the Quran, which serves as a source of strength and encouragement for those navigating grief and sorrow. Allah s.w.t. mentions:    

وَلَا تَهِنُوا وَلَا تَحْزَنُوا وَأَنتُمُ الْأَعْلَوْنَ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ

“Do not falter or grieve, for you will have the upper hand, if you are believers.” 

(Surah Ali ‘Imran, 3:139)

📌 Some of the following content has also been derived from the Adult Islamic Learning (ADIL) - Grief & Suffering module, which offers insights into the Islamic perspective. To register for classes or for further information about the ADIL, you can visit learnislam.sg or download the ADIL Prospectus here.

May Allah s.w.t. continue to guide you through any grief you may be experiencing and provide you with extra patience and strength to make it through, Amin.

Feel free to connect with the writer on LinkedIn, Instagram, or mfrlearns.com and Allah knows best.

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